Thread Rolling
Thread Rolling or threading is a method of cold-forging of reforming of metal in which a cylindrical blank, having a diameter approximately equal to the pitch diameter of the required thread, is rotated between hard dies having the reverse contour of the thread form specified. The thread-shaped ridges on the dies penetrate the blank surface to form the roots, and metal is displaced radially outward to form the crests.
Chipless Machining, Charles Wick, 1960 pg. 7
In layman’s terms, the desired thread is applied to a metal rod blank with uniform pressure by rotating it through two dies, which are imprinted with the reverse of the desired thread form.